Catholic Church altered trial forms {Catholic Church court}, by ending compurgation and ending trial by ordeal or battle. Church used written pleadings, witnesses, and written evidence. Canon law helped change from accusatorial systems, in which injured parties make complaints against other parties, to inquisitorial systems, in which prosecutors bring complaints to courts.
Catholic Church had, and still has, a council {Chancery}. A Cardinal Chancellor, second to Pope, heads the Cancellaria.
Sacra Romana Rota {Rota} is the highest church court.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225